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Title Page Paul Matteri What is Grand Unified Theory? Unified field theory is an attempt to describe all fundamental forces and the relationships between elementary particles in terms of a single theoretical framework.

Current Fundamental Forces Electromagnetic Weak Strong Gravity The Road to Unification Electricity Magnetism

Light Weak Electromagnetic Electromagnetic Terrestrial Motion Astronomical Motion

Space Time Electroweak Strong Gravitation Weak Grand

Unification Single Force The History of Grand Unified Theory Electricity and Magnetism

Michael Faraday: Born: September 22, 1791 Died: August 25, 1867 English physicist and chemist whose many experiments contributed greatly to the understanding of electromagnetism. Electricity and Magnetism

James Maxwell Born June 13, 1831, Edinburgh, Scotland died November 5, 1879, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England Scottish physicist best known for his formulation of electromagnetic theory. Incorporated light and wave phenomena into electromagnetism

Electricity and Magnetism In 1905 Einsteins special theory of relativity showed that electricity and magnetism were link and that Maxwell was correct. The single force of Electromagnetism is born. Electroweak Force Sheldon Glashow

Abdus Salam Steven Weinberg Each physicist independently found that the weak nuclear force could be unified with electromagnetic force. Electroweak Force At extremely high energies, 1015 GeV the electromagnetic and weak forces become the same. The relationship is based on the exchange

of four particles: the photon of EM interactions, two charged W particles and a neutral Z particle. Electroweak Force Strong Nuclear Force

Quantum Chromodynamics was developed to explain strong force during the 1970s. Quarks are believed interact by exchanging gluons. The hope is to use that similarity to unify strong with electroweak force. The unification cannot be found because energy levels 1012 higher than those needed to develop the electroweak force are required to test further unification. Strong Nuclear Force

Gravity Newton showed that both astronomical and terrestrial motion could be explained with gravitation In 1915 Einsteins theory of general relativity was written. Einstein spent 30 years trying to unify EM with gravity and failed. The Future of the Grand Unified

Theories Future Gravity may be unified by superstring theory, which is the best theory right now for unification. Higher energy experiments are needed to study the

strong force and its unification with electroweak. More study of electroweak is still needed. By using the simplest version of the theory a calculation was performed that determined a proton life several orders of magnitude too short, from 1029 to 1031 years. Experiments show that the life of a proton is greater than 1032 years. References "Electromagnetism." Encyclopdia Britannica. 2004. Online. Retrieved 10 May 2004 from

eb.com/ .com/eb eb/article? /article?eu eu=108502 =108502>. >. . Forces. Bring, Lars. Nobel e Museum. Online. Retrieved on 7 May 2004 from Grand Unified Theory. CERN. Online. Retrieved on 8 May 2004 from

http://pdg.web. ch/pdg/ pdg/cpep/grand.html cpep/grand.html> G.U.T. York University. Online. Retrieved on 7 May 2004 from

> http://www.hep..yorku.ca/ yorku.ca/yhep Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 2nd Edition. Thornton. Saunders College Publishing. 2000. Pg. 13, 494-496. "Unified Field Theory." Encyclopdia Britannica. 2004. Retrieved 10 May 2004 from . Unified Field Theory. University of Oregon. Online. Retrieved on 10 May 2004 from