II. Classification of Matter - Quia

Classification of Matter Matter Flowchart MATTER yes MIXTURE yes Is the composition uniform? Homogeneous Mixture (solution)

PURE SUBSTANCE no Heterogeneous Mixture Colloids no Can it be physically separated? yes

Can it be chemically decomposed? Compound Suspensions no Element MATTER no exactly the same

properties/composition? yes PURE SUBSTANCE MIXTURE yes no only one type of atom ? Element

yes single atoms? Compound no yes metals and no nonmetals? monoatomic molecular

ionic molecular Pure substances Every sample has exactly the same properties and composition Examples: H2O will always consist of 11.2% hydrogen and 88.8% oxygen N2 will always consist of 100% nitrogen

Pure Substances Element composed of only one type of atom EX: copper wire, aluminum foil Pure Substances Compound composed of more than one type of atom which are chemically combined in a fixed ratio properties differ from those of individual elements

EX: table salt (NaCl) Pure Substances Law of Definite Composition A given compound always contains the same, fixed ratio of elements. Law of Multiple Proportions Elements can combine in different ratios to form different compounds. Pure Substances For example

Two different compounds, each has a definite composition. Mixtures Physical blend of two or more pure substances. Properties and composition depend on the relative amounts of the components. Heterogeneous Homogeneous Mixtures

Solution homogeneous very small particles no Tyndall effect particles dont settle EX: rubbing alcohol Tyndall Effect Mixtures Solution - can occur between any state of matter Solid in liquid - Kool-aid

Liquid in liquid - antifreeze Gas in gas - air Solid in solid - brass Gas in liquid - soda Solutions Like all mixtures, they keep the properties of the components. Some can be separated easily by physical means: rocks and marbles, iron filings and sulfur Other methods: distillation- takes advantage of different boiling points

Mixtures Colloid heterogeneous medium-sized particles Tyndall effect particles dont settle EX: milk Mixtures Suspension heterogeneous large particles

Tyndall effect particles settle EX: fresh-squeezed lemonade Mixtures Examples: mayonnaise colloid muddy water suspension

fog colloid saltwater solution Italian salad dressing suspension Compound or Mixture

Compound composed of one pure substance Mixture composed of two or more pure substances chemical combination physical combination Definite

composition Variable composition Which is it? Mixture Element Compound Matter Flowchart Examples: graphite

element pizza hetero. mixture sugar (sucrose) compound soda solution