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Kort introduktion (THO)
Korn (JRJ) Markfr (BIO) Havefr (BIO) Trfr (MJ) Roefr (HC) Organisering (THO) Uddannelse (CHOL) Frkontrol (ULBM) Sameksistens (BIO) Nordisk Genbank (CA) Udviklingslande (OSL) Teknologi (BIO) Danske aktrer (SVTN) Introduktion
Thomas Holst Dansk Landbrug, Frsektionen Under udarbejdelse Thomas Holst, Plantedirektoratet Korn Cerealienetvrket http://www.cernet.dk/ Johannes Ravn Jrgensen Aarhus Universitet Hvede anvendelse - global Hvede er primrt
anvendt til human ernring Hvede kvalitet Udbytte Forarbejdningsegnethed ensartethed, farve, udseende, kemisk sammenstning Human ernring Industriel anvendelse Foder Udsd Johannes Ravn Jrgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg Rug anvendelse - global Rug er som brdkorn kun overget
af hvede i betydning, og det vigtigste brdkorn i Skandinavien og steuropa Uden for Europa er rug hovedsageligt brugt til fodder En lille del anvendes til destillering Human ernring Industriel anvendelse Foder Udsd Johannes Ravn Jrgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg Byg anvendelse - global Den primre udnyttelse af byg er til: foder for husdyr, isr svin
til maltning og brygning ved fremstilling af l og ved destillation til whisky Til human ernring Human ernring Industriel anvendelse Foder Udsd Johannes Ravn Jrgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg Havre anvendelse - global En lille del af havreproduktionen formales til produkter der indgr i den humane dit: havremel til grd og
havrekager valset havre til grd,mel, babymad og til fremstilling af morgemadsprodukter Hovedparten anvendes dog til foder, traditionelt heste. Human ernring Industriel anvendelse Foder Udsd Johannes Ravn Jrgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg Produktion og anvendelse af korn i Danmark Havre og blandsd
3.2% Vrbyg 27.5% Vinterbyg 10.4% Triticale 1.8% Rug 1.5% Vrhvede 0.4%
Vinterhvede 55.2% Johannes Ravn Jrgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg Anvendelse af korn i Danmark Mel, gryn mv. (4,2%) Udsd (3,4%) Industri (malt), (3,9%) Foder
(88,5%) Johannes Ravn Jrgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg Kvalitetsanalyser i korn Maltbyg Spireenergi Protein Fusarium Kernestrrelse Brdhvede Meludbytte Protein/gluten Faldtal Mykotoxiner
Foder Energi Stivelse Protein Mykotoxiner Johannes Ravn Jrgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg Kornkvalitet Fysiske egenskaber Sundhed
Renhed Skader Vitalitet Kemiske egenskaber Kemiske indholdsstoffer Unskede sporstoffer Proces kvalitet Johannes Ravn Jrgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg Kornkvalitet fysiske og kemiske egenskaber Kvalitet Fysiske egenskaber
Kemiske egenskaber Sundhed Tilstand Renhed Skader Protein Unskede sporstoffer Urenheder
Vand Rumvgt Varme skade Fremmedlegemer Myko-toxiner Stivelse Kernestrrelse Insekt-skader
Fr af andre arter Pesticider Olie Farve Spiring Sorts-renhed Ukendte
Fiber Vand-indhold Misfarvning Ekskrementer Mineraler Umodent korn Mider / skadedyr Aminosyrer
Knkkede kerner Meldrjer Gluten Johannes Ravn Jrgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg Markfr Det regionale vkstmilj Frvkst st http://www.froevaekst.dk/ Det regionale teknologicenter Seedland http://www.seedland.dk/
Birte Boelt Aarhus Universitet Under udarbejdelse Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg Havefr Det regionale vkstmilj Frvkst st http://www.froevaekst.dk/ Det regionale teknologicenter Seedland http://www.seedland.dk/ Birte Boelt Aarhus Universitet
Grass seed production area Oregon Canada New Zealand EU-25 Denmark 2002 2003
700.000 600.000 Acres 500.000 400.000 300.000 200.000 100.000 0 1996 1997 1998
1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 The Danish Seed Council Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg Production area EU-25
The Danish Seed Council Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg Species in production in Denmark Main species Perennial ryegrass Red fescue Kentucky bluegrass Others Tall Fescue Cocksfoot Italian ryegrass Hybrid ryegrass Meadow Fescue
Timothy Bentgrass Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg Danish production area Per ryegrass Ital ryegrass Cocksfoot Red fescue Tall Fescue
Kent bluegrass 100.000 90.000 80.000 70.000 Acres 60.000 50.000 40.000 30.000 20.000 10.000 0 1996
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
2005 The Danish Seed Council Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg Restrictions on pesticide use Tax on pesticides Restrictions on a national level No specific restrictions at farm level Registered pesticides Many pesticides are not registered anymore Few new products Off label use
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg Registered pesticides Many pesticides are not registered anymore Few new products Off label use Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg Restrictions on nitrogen use Crop standard 10-15% below economic optimal rate Total amount of Nitrogen per farm per year
Nitrogen budgets Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg Establishment Light and space especially for slow growing species Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg Screening of Pesticides Flowering 6 tillers 2-4 leaves Control
200 g/ha 25 50 100 Solvejg K. Mathiassen, DJF, Flakkebjerg Spinach seed production - more than 70% of world production Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg Vegetable and flower seed
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg Seed tecnology Image analysis Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg Trfr Martin Jensen Aarhus Universitet Under udarbejdelse
Martin Jensen, Aarhus Universitet Roefr ? ? Under udarbejdelse ?, ? Organisering af markfrbranchen Thomas Holst Dansk Landbrug, Frsektionen
Aktrer i den danske frbranche 4.000 fravlere Markfrfirmaer m. kontraktavl 2 danske 1 hollandsk Dansk Plantefordling A/S Dansk Landbrug (Frsektionen) Forskning og forsg Forskningsprogram fravl AU DJF, Frafgiftsfonden, DFFE innovationsloven Projekter finansieret direkte af Frafgiftsfonden Dansk Landbrugsrdgivning, Landscentret AU DJF
KU LIFE Thomas Holst, Plantedirektoratet Uddannelse Christian Olsen Selandia, CEU The Danish education system **) Primary and lower secondary school http://www.studyindenmark.dk **) After schoolstart 7 years old.
Christian Olsen, Selandia, Slagelse Education in Agriculture Upper secundary education (Gymnasium) Diploma programmes Higher educations (Kort videregende uddannelser) (Universitetsuddannelser)
Vocationel training BSc in natural resources (Naturressourcer) (Erhvervsuddannelser) Jordbrugsmaskinfrer Faglrt landmand Jordbrugsassistent Futher educations Grnt bevis Grnt diplom Agrarkonom AMU-kurser
Links: http://www.ug.dk/Internationalt.aspx AP graduate in Agricultural Science (Jordbrugsteknolog landbrug) MSc in Agricultural Science (Agronom) PhD /
http://www.studyindenmark.dk/ Christian Olsen, Selandia, Slagelse Frkontrol Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen Plantedirektoratet Seed testing since 1871 E. Mller-Holst Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen , Plantedirektoratet Training
www.danseed.dk/training Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen , Plantedirektoratet Expert assistance Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen , Plantedirektoratet Authorisation Percent authorized sampling and analysis Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen , Plantedirektoratet Sameksistens Birte Boelt
Aarhus Universitet Sameksistens / Coexistence Denmark first EU country to make rules on coexistence between genetically modified, conventional and organic crops Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg The Danish model Coexistence Three groups appointed The expert group (scientific analysis) The legal group (liability) The contact group (stakeholders)
Scientific report Discussions Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg "Act on the Growing etc. of Genetically Modified Crops" Danish Act No. 436 of 9 June 2004 http://www.fvm.dk/fvm_uk Ministerial order 31 March, 2005 Revision ? March 2008
- applies to commercial growing, handling, sale and transport of genetically modified crops as far as the first buyer Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg The Act implies rules for Control measures isolation distance, cropping intervals, cleaning of farm equipment, handling and storage facilities Education and certification
Information / communication Liability and compensation Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg Nordic Gene Bank Christian Andreasen Kbenhavns Universitet Nordic Gene Bank A presentation Utilizing Gene Banks today; - Key words: Focus & Diversification
Nordic Gene Bank Who we are Material Documentation International collaboration Utilization Global Seed Vault - Svalbard
Nordic Gene Bank What we do Collect, Secure - and Use Conserve and document genetic variation in Nordic material from plant species useful for agriculture and horticulture. Make genetic resources and allied information available for plant breeding, research
and any other bona fide use. Nordic Gene Bank What we do... - Mandate The Nordic Gene Bank (NGB), an institution which
Reports to the Nordic Council of Ministers Is a centre for the conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources in the Nordic countries Has mandate to conserve and document the genetic variation in Nordic material from plant species useful for agriculture and horticulture Is to make stored material available for plant breeding, research and any other bona fide use Is to foster rational co-operation between the Nordic countries in their efforts to use plant genetic resources for plant breeding and plant breeding research Is to participate in international co-operation in the conservation and use of plant genetic resources.
Nordic Gene Bank Activities focused on Contribute to a sustainable use of plant genetic resources Conservation and documentation of Plant genetic resources from or of relevance for the Nordic Region - cultivated species Knowledge transfer by participating in research and education in the Nordic Countries and elsewhere NGB surveys international trends scientifically and politically aiming at influencing the international agenda and to advice National authorities on matters concerning Plant Genetic Resources Nordic Gene Bank How we are organized - structure NB: Reorganization undergoing: From 1st Jan. 2008: NORDGEN
Will include: Nordic Gene Bank Nordic Gene Bank Farm Animals Nordic Forestry Seed and Plant Counsel Mandate: Biodiversity genetic resources Nordic Gene Bank How we are organized - structure Internal: Staff - 25 persons 4 Departments Seed Store Biology Department,
(Agriculture & Horticulture) incl. molecular and in vitro Lab IT- and Documentation Unit Administrative Team Nordic Gene Bank How we are organized - structure External: Working Groups W o r k in g G ro u p s C e r e a ls F r u it a n d B e r rie s
- with external experts representing scientific community, plant breeders and other relevant partners for the Gene Bank Cereals Fruit and Berries Potatoes (ad hoc)
Forage Crops Vegetables Oil Plants (ad hoc) Spicers and medicinal plants (project group) P o ta to e s
F o ra g e C ro p s V e g e ta b le s R o o t C ro p s , O il P la n ts a n d P u ls e s Nordic Gene Bank Based on the principle that gene banking should be: Inexpensive and durable Basically available for any national and regional program at reasonable cost Not require: much advanced planning in terms of a large storage facility
huge initial investments to get started. Nordic Gene Bank Partners:
Working Groups!!!! National programs!!!! Other gene banks Universities & research institutions Scientific projects Breeding companies Government departments and authorities Museums Botanic gardens & parks Schools & education centers Hobby growers / Associations NGOs - networks
etc. Nordic Gene Bank Conservation Ex situ (off-site conservation) seed gene bank field gene bank in vitro Cryo-preservation
In situ (on-site conservation) on farm protected natural habitats / wild parks wild habitat Nordic Gene Bank Ex situ seed bank Active Collection (Alnarp, Sweden) Distribution, characterisation, multiplication, germination tests
Base Collection (rslev, Denmark) Long term storage, rejuvenation Safety Collection (Svalbard, Norway) Duplication of base collection samples Nordic Gene Bank Material Primary collections:
17532 5067 153 557 1554 6446 156 14
16 app. 300 Special collections: Cereals Forage Fruits & berries Potato Oil crops
Vegetables Industrial crops Landscape Forest trees Spices and medicinal plants (in process) Lundquist mutant collection 9760 MacKey NIL-collection(in process) Other special cereal collections New special collections (in process) app. 5000 400
1321 MIT future/soon? Varieties? - Hybrid parents? - GMOs? - Research material? Nordic Gene Bank International activities Expert consultation, development of regional PGR programs SIDA based programs:
IT +:
SADC - since 1989 Baltic region Eastern Africa EAPGREN, since 2006 Balkan region SEEDNet, since 2004 CAC, from 2007 GBIF - Global Biodiversity Information Facility TDWG Biodiversity Information Standards ECPGR, EPGRIS3, EURISCO BioCASE - Biological Collection Access Service for Europe GCP Generation Challenge Program , on behalf of Bioversity Crop Wild Relatives Global Portal, on behalf of Bioversity ABCD 2.06 - Access to Biological Collection Data (Berlin Botanical Garden)
ALIS - Global Accession Level Information System (in process), together with Bioversity Safety Storage: Svalbard Global Seed Vault (Seed distributions, international, conferences, workshops, seminars) Udviklingslande Ole Sgaard Lund Kbenhavns Universitet Danish Seed Health Centre for Developing Countries
The centre works for reduction of poverty through improvement of seed quality and seed technology in developing countries. Particularly, the centre has expertice in seed-borne pathogens. The centre is part of Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of LIFE Sciences, University of Copenhagen. http://www.dshc.life.ku.dk/ Teknologi Birte Boelt Aarhus Universitet Under udarbejdelse Thomas Holst, Plantedirektoratet
Danske aktrer Svend Tveden-Nyborg Aarhus Universitet Under udarbejdelse Svend Tveden-Nyborg, Aarhus Universitet