Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement

distillation (boiling) separate physically Matter Mixture differences or unevenly mixed filtering Heterogeneous Mixture (uneven, differences) Physical changes uniform

or evenly mixed Homogeneou s Mixture (solutions) cannot separate physically Pure Substance separate chemically cannot separate

Chemical changes Compounds Elements salt, baking soda, oxygen, iron, water, sugar hydrogen, gold NaCl NaHCO3 O2 Fe HO C H O H Au Pure Substances Element: (cannot be separated) (chemically or physically) -only one type of atom

-simplest form of matter retaining its properties Examples: Carbon (C) Helium (He) Gold (Au) Pure Substances Compound: (can be separated chemically) different elements chemically bonded together Examples: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Water (H2O) Salt (NaCl) Sucrose (C12H22O11) completely new substance with completely new properties

NaCl (compound) Na (element) Sodium is a highly reactive metal stored in oil. Cl2 (element) Chlorine kills organisms in pools. Its also a poisonous green gas. Compound : be separated chemically into can elements which can NOT. O2

H2 O (gas) (liquid) H2 (gas) Hoffman apparatus Mixtures (Solution) physically separated distillation Homogeneous Mixture: by _____________. (boiling) physically mixed evenly it looks the same throughout

Examples: Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) make brass. lemonade Steel (Fe + C + Cr) NaCl + H2O salt water Mixtures Heterogeneous Mixture: physically mixed unevenly can see the different parts Examples: Sand Granite Wood 2 Types: Suspensions & Colloids Separation (Group Discussion)

Sand + Iron (Fe) + Salt (NaCl) is a(n) heterogeneous mixture ______________________ that can be separated by Physically: -pulling out Fe with magnet Physically: -dissolving NaCl in water -filtering sand out -evaporating the water Chemically: -decomposing NaCl with electricity into Na and Cl Quick Quiz! 1. Passing an electric current through a substance produces oxygen and sulfur. This substance cannot be a(n) A. compound.

B. mixture. C. element. D. solution. Quick Quiz. 2. Which of the following is a mixture? A. sodium chloride (NaCl) B. carbon dioxide (CO2) C. sucrose (sugar, C12H22O11) D. air (N2, O2, CO2, H2, Ar, ) Quick Quiz. + 3. A blue-green solid is decomposed by heating. A colorless gas and a black solid appear. The blue-green solid must have been a(n) A. heterogeneous mixture B. homogeneous mixture

C. compound D. element distillation (boiling) separate physically Matter _______ filtering _________ ______geneous Mixture (uneven, differences)

________ changes _______ _____geneous Mixture (________) ________ separate physically _____ Substance separate chemically

cannot separate ________ changes __________ ________ salt, baking soda, oxygen, iron, sugar, water hydrogen, gold NaCl NaHCO3 O2 Fe HO C H O H Au