Archetypes in Literature

Archetypes in Literature World Literature Definition of Archetype Archetype a recurrent image, symbol, character or even situation that is an instinctual expression off man's nature and experiences that are universal in nature.. Definition of Motif

An event, device reference or formula which occurs frequently in works of literature. Floral Motif So whats the difference? The differences are minimal. Often the words are used interchangeably. An archetype is described as a recurring symbol, theme, character, or setting in multiple works. It's something that's appeared in literature so often that it's very recognizable. For example, an archetypical theme is "love conquers all."

Where have we *not* seen that before? An archetypical plot structure is the infamous love triangle. A motif, though, is a recurring contrast, structure, or literary device that comes back in different forms. In Lord of the Flies, the beasties are symbols which are used as motifs which represents fear, but it comes in different forms. Examples of Archetypes Characters Hero (think of the classic hero journey & qualities of hero) The main character leaves his or her

community to go on an adventure, performing deeds that bring honor to the community (Herz and Gallo 121). The courageous figure, the one whos always running in and saving the day. Dartagnan from Three Musketeers John Wayne in most of his movies Hercules Mother Figure

Fairy Godmother (surrogate mother) comforts and directs child, especially when he or she is confused and needs guidance. Represents powers that can be called on for help when it is needed. Helps young person to solve own problems (Knapp 71). Earth Mother This character is symbolic of fulfillment, abundance, and fertility; offers spiritual and emotional nourishment to those who she contacts; often depicted in earth colors, with

large breasts and hips Stepmother Examples Fairy tales characters such as the stepmother in Cinderella, fairy godmothers, Mother Goose, Little

Red Riding Hood, Briar Rose, Pocahontas Mythology: Persephone, Demeter, Hercate, Gorgon, Medusa Literature: Gladriel from Lord of the Rings, Glinda from the Wizard of Oz, Dantes Beatrice, Faulkners Light in August, Woolfs To the Lighthouse Movies: the Dad in Mr. Mom, the mother in Flowers in the Attic, Ripley with Newt in Aliens The Great Teacher/Mentor

Wise old men/women protects or helps main character when he or she faces challenges. Sometimes they work as role models and often serve as father or mother figure. They teach by example the skills necessary to survive the journey and quest. Examples Obi Wan Kenobi Rafiki

The Innocent Child/Youth Inexperienced adult The innocent, fearing abandonment, seeks safety.

Their greatest strength is their trust and optimism that endears them to others and so gain help and support on their quest. Their main danger is that they may be blind to their obvious weaknesses or deny them. They also may become dependent on others to fulfill their heroic task. Frodo Lord of the Rings Double

Doppelganger It is the double or mirroring or split personality or good/evil It is the duplicate of an individual or part of a divided individual Versions of the doppelganger are found in dreams, myths, rituals of

primitive people, folklore and literature and other art forms Can have many names including the Other, the alter ego, the second self Examples Frankenstein Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde The Sacrificial Redeemer The protagonist is willing to die for

his or her beliefs; the main character maintains a strong sense of morality (Herz and Gallo 123). Embodiment of divine power and being sent on a mission to save humanity. Jesus Christ Erin Brockovich Scapegoat/Sacrificial Victim The one who gets blamed for everything, regardless of whether he

or she is at fault. Snowball from George Orwells Animal Farm Hassan Enchantress/Temptress Characterized by sensuous beauty, this woman is one to whom the protagonist is physically attracted and who ultimately brings about his downfall. May appear as a witch or vampire .

The Sirens in Mythology Mystique from X-Men Elektra King from James Bond The World is Not Enough Villain Wolf Antagonist

Bad Guy Examples: Cruella DeVille Trickster A trickster is a god, goddess, spirit, man, woman, or anthropomorphic animal who plays tricks or otherwise disobeys normal rules and conventional behavior. Loki Coyote

Evil Figure The Devil or Serpent This character represents evil incarnate. He or she may offer worldly goods, fame, or knowledge to the protagonist in exchange for possession of the soul or integrity. This figures main aim is to oppose the

hero in his or her quest. Voldemort Settings Garden Cultivated and carefully planned. Restricted to certain vegetation Forest

Habitat of the Great Mother (Mother Nature), Those who enter often lose their direction or the lunar force.

Fertility. The tap vegetation and animals rational outlook and thus into their collective flourish in this green world because of the unconscious.

Thisofunregulated space is opposite sustaining power the Great Mother. of the cultivated carefully Symbolically the gardens, primitive which levels are of the feminine psyche,

and sheltering. planned protective and are restricted to certain vegetation. Tree Represents life and knowledge Caves and Tunnels

Deep down where character delves into self Place that character goes when invisible or inactive At the extreme may signify death Mountains and Peaks Highest peak is place to see far

Place to gain great insight The River Crossing river may symbolize new territory Rivers can be boundaries or borders

and on the other side is something new or different May represent human life or time passing as we follow the river from its sourt to its mouth The Sea

Vast, alien, dangerous, chaos Waves may symbolize measures of time and represent eternity or infinity Fountain Stands for purification; the sprinkling of water (baptism) washes away sin. Water of fountain gives new life (Knapp 32).

Islands Microcosms or small worlds unto themselves Represent isolation or get-a-ways Actions/Events Journey The protagonist takes a journey,

usually physical but sometimes emotional, during which he or she learns something about himself or herself or finds meaning in his or her life as well as acceptance in a community (Herz and Gallo 112). Linear Circular Quests

Quest for material wealth Quest for security, as a secure place to live Quest for kin Quest for global good, such as when a kingdom is threatened Quest for self, for self-identity or self-assurance Rites of Initiation This is the process by which a character is brought into another sphere of influence, usually into

adulthood. Parental Conflict and Relationships The protagonist deals with parental conflict by rejecting or bonding with parents (Herz and Gallo 117). Coming of age Sleep

Crucial for physical and/or psychological healing. During dreams, person can grow. Person can fantasize freely in sleep. A transitional and beneficial period. In dream sphere can descend to the sphere of the Great Mother. Person awakens with a greater understanding of human nature (Knapp 88). Sacrificial Rites The Test or Trial

In the transition from one stage of life to another, the main character experiences a rite of ppassage through growth and change; he or she experiences a transformation (Herz and Gallo 115). Birth/Death and Rebirth Through pain and suffering the character overcomes feelings of

despair, and through a process of self-realization is reborn (Herz and Gallo 110). The Fall: Expulsion from Eden the main character is expelled because of an unacceptable action on his or her part (Herz and Gallo 111). Annihilation/Absurdity/Total Oblivion

In order to exist in an intolerable world, the main character accepts that life is absurd, ridiculous, and ironic (Herz and Gallo 116). Works Cited Brunel, Pierre. Companion to Literary Myths, Heroes and Archetypes. New York: Routledge, 1992. Franz, Marie-Louise von. Archetypal Patterns in Fairy Tales. Toronto: Inner City, 1997.

Herz, Sarah K., and Donald R. Gallo. From Hinton to Hamlet: Building Bridges Between Young Adult Literature and the Classics. 2nd ed. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005.